• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The thermal machine with cycle of two polytropic and two isothermal processes, efficiently converts thermal energy to mechanical energy by means of an alternative machine constituted by several double-acting actuators with closed process thermal cycle formed by two polytropic and two isothermal processes, characterized by perform mechanical work both by heating and cooling, where the heating and cooling processes are carried out by means of heat exchangers. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2660206A1
    申请号:ES201600783
    申请日:2016-09-20
    公开日:2018-03-21
    发明作者:Ramón FERREIRO GARCÍA；Beatriz FERREIRO SANZ
    申请人:Universidade da Coruna；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC PROCESSES AND TWO
    ISOTHERMAL
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention belongs to the technical field of the conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy via mechanical energy by means of thermal machines capable of taking advantage of the heat transferred to a working fluid by means of heat exchangers to convert heat into work by both heating and cooling. .
    OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention called "THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES", aims at the efficient conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy by means of an alternative machine consisting of several double-acting actuator cylinders with thermal cycle of closed processes formed by two polytropic and two isothermal processes, characterized by mechanical work by both heating and cooling, where the heating and cooling processes are carried out by means of heat exchangers.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    There are conventional thermal cycles that operate partially or totally with closed processes such as Otto, Diesel or isothermal processes such as Stirling as well as other modifications derived from them, some of which operate with fossil fuels and others with indirect heat.
    The thermal cycle consisting of two polytropic processes and two isothermal processes, as well as the machine capable of carrying out the aforementioned cycle, differs essentially from the conventional cycles (Stirling, Otto, Diesel and modifications thereof) in that:
    - the heat transferred according to a polytropic process to the working fluid is provided by heat exchangers, contrary to what happens in the cycles
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    conventional where polytropic heating processes are carried out in combustion machines where heat is developed by combustion generating the working fluid itself (combustion gases at high temperature and pressure) generally of a fossil fuel.
    - The process of cooling the working fluid is used to produce mechanical work.
    In the current state of technology there are no known thermal cycles of these characteristics, nor machines capable of implementing them.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention called THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES, consists of at least one double acting thermo-actuator cylinder, where each of them operates with heated thermal fluid and cooled alternately to move the piston forward and backward. each actuator cylinder following a thermal cycle formed by two pairs of closed processes: a pair of polytropic-isothermal processes with added heat and mechanical work, and a pair of polytropic-isothermal processes with heat extraction and mechanical work.
    Each of the two chambers of the thermo-actuator cylinder has at least one heat exchanger intended for heating and cooling of the working fluid, so that while one of the thermo-actuator chambers contributes to the return of the piston by cooling the fluid of work, the complementary or adjacent chamber contributes to the advance of the piston by heating the working fluid.
    The heating of the working fluid is carried out in a heat exchanger that operates with a thermal heating fluid, while the cooling of the working fluid is carried out by means of a cooling thermal fluid.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    In this section, the components that constitute the THERMAL MACHINE WITH A CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES are described in an illustrative and non-limiting way to facilitate the understanding of the invention, where reference is made to the following figures:
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    Figure 1 schematically shows the installation of the thermal machine object of the invention, provided with a double acting thermo-actuator cylinder actuated alternately by heating and cooling of the working thermal fluid, as well as the installation of the provided heat supply and extraction system of the corresponding control valves of the heating and cooling fluids.
    1 double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    2 piston double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    3 double acting thermo-actuator cylinder rod
    4 heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    5 heat exchanger of the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    6 heat flow modulation valve to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    7 heat flow modulation valve to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    8 2/3 valve (two positions and three ways) for heating and cooling fluids to enter the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    9 2/3 inlet valve of the heating and cooling fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    10 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling fluids to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    11 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder
    12 heating fluid supply duct
    13 cooling fluid supply duct
    14 heating fluid return duct
    15 cooler thermal fluid return duct
    Figure 2 shows the Ts (temperature-entropy) diagram corresponding to the thermal cycle object of the invention, which represents the thermal cycle that is performed in only one of the chambers of the thermo-actuator cylinder, (the left chamber), whose thermal fluid The working temperature is the same as that of the right chamber, showing the temperatures in the orderly axis, and the entropies in the abscissa axis. Branch 1-2 of the cycle corresponds to the addition of heat (heating fluid
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    work by means of the thermal heating fluid with development of mechanical work) following a polytropic function; branch 2-3 corresponds to the addition of heat (heating of the working fluid by means of the thermal heating fluid with development of mechanical work) following an isothermal function; branch 3-4 corresponds to the extraction of heat (cooling of the working fluid by means of the thermal fluid cooler with development of mechanical work) following a polytropic function, and branch 4-1 corresponds to the extraction of heat (cooling of! working fluid by means of the thermal cooling fluid with mechanical work development) following an isothermal function, which ends in the same thermodynamic conditions of the beginning of the cycle.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES, is constituted by one or more double-acting thermo-actuator cylinders that operate under an unconventional thermal cycle where each thermo-actuator cylinder comprises:
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1) equipped with piston (2) and rod (3)
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder piston (2)
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder rod (3)
    - heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4) intended to heat and cool the left chamber of the cylinder alternately.
    - heat exchanger of the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (5) intended to heat and cool the right chamber of the cylinder alternately.
    - heat flow modulation valve to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (6) designed to modulate the heat flow transferred to the working fluid to keep the cycle isothermal process at constant temperature, both for actuation by heating as for cooling performance
    - heat flow modulation valve to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (7) designed to modulate the heat flow transferred to the working fluid to keep the cycle isothermal process at constant temperature, both for actuation by heating as for cooling action.
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    - 2/3 valve (two positions and three ways) for heating and cooling fluids to enter the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (8)
    - 2/3 inlet valve of the heating and cooling fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (9)
    - 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling thermal fluids to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (10)
    - 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling thermal fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (11)
    - heating fluid supply duct (12)
    - cooling fluid supply duct (13)
    - heating fluid return duct (14)
    - cooling fluid return duct (15)
    The operation procedure of the THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES for a single chamber of the thermo-actuator cylinder (left chamber), is represented by the diagram Ts shown in figure 2, according to which, in the Left chamber of each double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), the thermal cycle begins by means of the polytropic heating process 1-2, until reaching the pressure p2 corresponding to the temperature T2l for which the valve of 2 is open / 3 (8) communicating the conduit (12) and the heat flow modulation valve (6) to allow the heating of the working fluid in the heat exchanger (4) fed by the heating thermal fluid supply conduit ( 12), which exits through the 2/3 valve (10) to the line outlet duct (12), where this process results in mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from left erda to right.
    When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 2 have been reached, the 2-3 isothermal heating process begins, for which the heat flow modulation valve (6) restricts the heat flow necessary to keep the temperature constant. throughout the piston stroke, until reaching the end of its stroke at point 3, where the initial pressure pi is reached.
    To achieve the recoil of the piston (2) with the performance of mechanical work, a 3-4 polytropic cooling process begins until the pressure p4 corresponding to the temperature T ^ is reached, for which the 2/3 valve (8) is open ) communicating the conduit (13) and the heat flow modulation valve (6) to
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    allow the cooling of the working fluid in the heat exchanger (4) fed by the chiller thermal fluid supply line (13), which exits through the 2/3 valve (10) to the line outlet duct (13). where this process results in the performance of mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from right to left.
    When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 4 have been reached, the isothermal cooling process 4-1 begins, for which the heat flow modulation valve (6) restricts the heat flow necessary to keep the temperature constant. throughout the piston stroke, until reaching the end of its stroke at point 1, where the initial pressure p! and temperature T1t origin of the cycle corresponding to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).
    The alternatives to choose only one among different working fluids (which has to be the same for the two cylinder chambers), are: helium and hydrogen.
    The alternatives to choose only one among different thermal heating fluids are water, helium, hydrogen, or specific high heat thermal oil.
    The alternatives to choose only one among different thermal cooling fluids are water, air, helium or hydrogen.
    DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    The preferred configuration of the THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES, is constituted by one or more double-acting thermo-actuating cylinders that operate under an unconventional thermal cycle where each thermo-actuator cylinder comprises:
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1) equipped with piston (2) and rod (3)
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder piston (2)
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder rod (3)
    - Heat exchanger in the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4) intended to heat and cool the left chamber of the cylinder alternately.
    - Heat exchanger in the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (5) intended to heat and cool the right chamber of the cylinder alternately.
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    - heat flow modulation valve to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (6) designed to modulate the heat flow transferred to the working fluid to keep the cycle isothermal process at constant temperature, both for actuation by heating as for cooling performance
    - heat flow modulation valve to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (7) designed to modulate the heat flow transferred to the working fluid to keep the cycle isothermal process at constant temperature, both for actuation by heating as for cooling action.
    - 2/3 valve (two positions and three ways) for heating and cooling fluids to enter the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (8)
    - 2/3 inlet valve of the heating and cooling fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (9)
    - 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling thermal fluids to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (10)
    - 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling thermal fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (11)
    - heating fluid supply duct (12)
    - cooling fluid supply duct (13)
    - heating fluid return duct (14)
    - cooling fluid return duct (15)
    The alternatives to choose only one among different working fluids (which has to be the same for the two cylinder chambers), are: helium and hydrogen.
    The alternatives to choose only one among different thermal heating fluids are water, helium, hydrogen, or specific high heat thermal oil.
    The alternatives to choose only one among different thermal cooling fluids are water, air, helium or hydrogen.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
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    1st. THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES, characterized by being constituted by one or more double-acting thermo-actuating cylinders that operate under an unconventional thermal cycle where each thermo-actuator cylinder comprises:
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1) equipped with piston (2) and rod (3)
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder piston (2)
    - double acting thermo-actuator cylinder rod (3)
    - heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4) intended to heat and cool the left chamber of the cylinder alternately.
    - heat exchanger of the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (5) intended to heat and cool the right chamber of the cylinder alternately.
    - heat flow modulation valve to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (6) designed to modulate the heat flow transferred to the working fluid to keep the cycle isothermal process at constant temperature, both for actuation by heating as for cooling performance
    - heat flow modulation valve to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (7) designed to modulate the heat flow transferred to the working fluid to keep the cycle isothermal process at constant temperature, both for actuation by heating as for cooling action.
    - 2/3 valve (two positions and three ways) for heating and cooling fluids to enter the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (8)
    - 2/3 inlet valve of the heating and cooling fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (9)
    - 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling thermal fluids to the left chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (10)
    - 2/3 outlet valve of the heating and cooling thermal fluids to the right chamber of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (11)
    - heating fluid supply duct (12)
    - cooling fluid supply duct (13)
    - heating fluid return duct (14)
    - cooling fluid return duct (15)
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    2nd. Operation procedure of the THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES according to claim 1, characterized by the thermal cycle, according to which, in the left chamber of each double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), the cycle begins thermal by means of the polytropic heating process 1-2, until reaching the pressure p2 corresponding to the temperature T2, for which the 2/3 valve (8) is communicated communicating the conduit (12) and the modulation valve of the heat flow (6) to allow the heating of the working fluid in the heat exchanger (4) fed by the heating thermal fluid supply conduit (12), which exits through the 2/3 valve (10) towards the line exit duct (12), where this process results in the performance of mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from left to right.
    When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 2 have been reached, the 2-3 isothermal heating process begins, for which the heat flow modulation valve (6) restricts the heat flow necessary to keep the temperature constant. throughout the piston stroke, until reaching the end of its stroke at point 3, where the initial pressure p (.
    In order to achieve the recoil of the piston (2) with the performance of mechanical work, a 3-4 cooling polytropic process begins until reaching the pressure p4 corresponding to the temperature T1t for which the 2/3 valve (8) is open by communicating the conduit (13) and the heat flow modulation valve (6) to allow the cooling of the working fluid in the heat exchanger (4) fed by the cooling thermal fluid supply conduit (13), the which exits through the 2/3 valve (10) towards the line outlet duct (13), where this process results in mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from right to left.
    When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 4 have been reached, the isothermal cooling process 4-1 begins, for which the heat flow modulation valve (6) restricts the heat flow necessary to keep the temperature constant. along the piston stroke, until the end of its stroke is reached at point 1, where the initial pressure p, and temperature Ti, origin of the cycle corresponding to the left chamber of the double thermo-actuator cylinder is reached again effect (1).
    3rd. THERMAL MACHINE WITH CYCLE OF TWO POLYTHROPIC AND TWO ISOTHERMAL PROCESSES, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by operating with one of several working fluids, (which has to be the same for the two chambers of the cylinder), are helium and hydrogen.
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